The Double Empathy Problem is a theory by Dr Damian Milton22. that suggests that due to differing communication styles and preferences, Neurodivergent and neurotypical people may struggle to understand and empathise with one another. Because the experiences of Neurodivergent people are marginalised in society, the expectation is that the Neurodivergent person will communicate within expected, neurotypical frameworks and in accordance with neurotypical social norms and practices. The double empathy problem critiques the neurotypical assumption that Neurodivergent people, particularly Autistic people, cannot empathise with others. Instead, Milton explains that Neurodivergent people may empathise differently, and that neurotypical people can fail to understand or empathise with differences in Neurodivergent communication styles – hence the double empathy problem! The double empathy problem highlights the importance of fostering openness in understanding different expressions and displays of communication, including empathy. The diagram below gives a simple portrayal of how the double empathy problem exists in everyday communication.
References
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Milton, D. E. M. (2012). On the ontological status of Autism: the ‘double empathy problem.’ Disability & Society, 27(6), 883–887.
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